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Angel shark

Genus Squatina

Angel sharks have a flattened body with wide pectoral fins and a shape that partly resembles rays. Their heads are broad and flattened, with eyes on top, enabling them to lie buried in sand or mud while remaining vigilant.Their coloration often helps them blend in with the seabed—greyish, brownish, mottled tones above and a lighter underside. Sizes vary by species; some reach up to ~2.4 m in length
Angel sharks are ambush predators: they lie hidden under sediment and wait for passing prey. When a suitable target comes near, they can strike quickly—sometimes within a tenth of a second. They feed mostly on benthic fish, crustaceans, cephalopods, depending on region. Reproduction: they are ovoviviparous (live birth from eggs hatching internally). They are slow-growing and mature relatively late, making them vulnerable to population decline.

Where divers may encounter it
In shallow coastal sites with sandy or muddy bottoms, seagrass beds, bays, or continental shelf zones—especially where direct conservation measures exist. These are mostly bottom-dwelling, not pelagic, so dive sites with flat sandy substrates might host them.

Diving tips
Move slowly and keep buoyancy control so as not to stir up sediment. Watch for slight outlines or movement in the substrate. Avoid stepping on or disturbing the sand; sudden motion might flush them. Use red/low light in low visibility areas. Because they are sensitive, respecting distance is key. Don’t try to touch or prod them.

Many angel shark species are in grave danger. The common angel shark (Squatina squatina) is listed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN. They are heavily impacted by bottom trawling, bycatch, habitat degradation.

Did you know?

Angel sharks can lie motionless, partly buried, for extended periods, with only their eyes and spiracles outward. They can “hold their breath” in effect by using spiracles to draw in oxygenated water while staying hidden.

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