The Napoleon wrasse, also known as the humphead wrasse, is one of the largest reef fish, growing up to 2 meters long. It is recognized by its prominent forehead hump and thick lips. Their colors vary from bright green and blue to duller shades, often with intricate patterns.
These fish are long-lived, with lifespans exceeding 30 years. They feed on mollusks, crustaceans, and starfish, including crown-of-thorns starfish that threaten coral reefs. Napoleon wrasses are protogynous hermaphrodites, changing from female to male during their life.
Divers are often struck by the sheer size and calm demeanor of Napoleon wrasses, which may approach closely. Their curiosity and gentle nature make them a favorite among photographers.
Listed as Endangered by the IUCN due to overfishing and the live reef fish trade.
